Coaching Centre
Module 2: Introduction to Quantitative Chemistry Notes
Counting particles with the mole, and using equations, concentrations and gas laws to calculate amounts.
Sections
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2A Chemical equations and conservation of mass Mastered
What a balanced equation tells you, balancing harder equations including combustion, polyatomic ions and net ionic equations, the law of conservation of mass in open and closed systems, and solving mass-change problems from practical data.
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2B The mole and Avogadro's number Mastered
Relative atomic, molecular and formula mass, the 2019 SI definition of the mole and Avogadro's constant, molar mass, and converting between mass, moles and numbers of particles and atoms with n = m/M and N = n × NA.
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2C Percentage composition and empirical formulae Mastered
The law of definite proportions, percentage composition by mass, finding empirical and molecular formulae from percentage or mass data, the magnesium oxide crucible investigation, water of crystallisation in hydrates, and combustion analysis of organic compounds.
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2D Limiting reagents and percentage yield Mastered
Mass-to-mass stoichiometry using the mole ratio, identifying the limiting reagent and the amount of excess reagent left over, theoretical, actual and percentage yield and why yields fall short, and an investigation of gas volume against mass of magnesium.
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2E Measuring concentration Mastered
Solutions, solutes and solvents, and every concentration unit used in HSC Chemistry: g/L, %(w/w), %(w/v), %(v/v), parts per million and per billion, and mol/L, with conversions between them and real Australian examples from drinking water, food and wine.
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2F Molarity, standard solutions and dilution Mastered
Calculating molarity with c = n/V, concentrations of individual ions, volumetric glassware and its precision, preparing a standard solution, diluting with c1V1 = c2V2, serial dilution and mixing solutions, with the standard solution and dilution investigation.
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2G Stoichiometry in solution Mastered
Combining n = cV with mole ratios to find masses of precipitates, volumes of reacting solutions, limiting reagents and leftover ion concentrations in solution, a concentration from a precipitate mass, and the method of continuous variation for finding a mole ratio by experiment.
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2H The gas laws Mastered
Pressure, volume, temperature in kelvin and the kinetic particle theory of gases; Boyle's law, Charles's law and Gay-Lussac's law with graphs, particle explanations and HSC-style calculations; the combined gas law; and investigations of each relationship.
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2I Avogadro's law and the ideal gas law Mastered
Gay-Lussac's law of combining volumes, Avogadro's law, molar volume at 25 °C and 0 °C and 100 kPa, the ideal gas law PV = nRT, molar mass and density of gases, gas stoichiometry, when real gases are not ideal, and finding the molar mass of butane and magnesium from gas volumes.
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2J Introduction to quantitative chemistry review Mastered
Review of Year 11 Chemistry Module 2: a summary of every topic, the key formulas and data sheet values, a worked multi-step problem that links mass, solution and gas calculations, key words, and a mixed HSC-style test.