Chapter 1: Inside the Atom Notes

Sections

1. 1A Models of the atom Mastered

   How the model of the atom changed from Democritus and Dalton to Thomson's plum pudding, Rutherford's nuclear atom, Bohr's shells and the quantum model, and why each change was driven by new evidence.

   Open notes
2. 1B Protons, neutrons and electrons Mastered

   The charge, mass and location of protons, neutrons and electrons, atomic number and mass number, nuclide notation, working out the particles in an atom, and how ions form.

   Open notes
3. 1C Isotopes and atomic mass Mastered

   What isotopes are, how they are named, why relative atomic masses on the periodic table are not whole numbers, and how to calculate a weighted average from isotope abundances.

   Open notes
4. 1D Arranging electrons Mastered

   Electron shells and energy levels, writing electron configurations for the first 20 elements, drawing shell diagrams, and explaining flame test colours and line spectra.

   Open notes
5. 1E Radioactivity Mastered

   Why some nuclei are unstable, alpha, beta and gamma radiation, their charge, penetrating power and ionising effect, background radiation, detecting radiation, and the discovery of radioactivity by Becquerel and the Curies.

   Open notes
6. 1F Half-life Mastered

   Radioactive decay as a random process, half-life, reading decay curves, calculating the amount left after a number of half-lives, and radiocarbon dating.

   Open notes
7. 1G Uses of radiation Mastered

   How radioisotopes are used in nuclear medicine, radiotherapy, industry and research, how nuclear power stations work, the benefits and risks of nuclear energy, and how radiation is kept safe.

   Open notes
8. 1H Inside the atom review Mastered

   A summary of the whole Inside the Atom chapter, key words, and a mixed test covering models of the atom, subatomic particles, isotopes, electron shells, flame tests, radioactivity, half-life and uses of radiation.

   Open notes