Chapter 6: Electromagnetism Notes

Sections

1. 6A Charged particles in electric fields Mastered

   The uniform electric field between parallel plates, E = V/d, the force and acceleration on a charged particle, work done by the field and the electron volt, and the parabolic path of a charge fired between plates, compared with a projectile.

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2. 6B Charged particles in magnetic fields Mastered

   The magnetic force on a moving charge, F = qvB sin θ, the right-hand palm rule, why a charge in a uniform magnetic field moves in a circle of radius r = mv/qB, helical paths, velocity selectors and mass spectrometers, and how magnetic and electric fields compare.

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3. 6C The motor effect Mastered

   The force on a current-carrying conductor in a magnetic field, F = lIB sin θ, where it comes from, how its size depends on current, length, field and angle, finding its direction, and measuring it with a current balance.

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4. 6D Parallel wires and the ampere Mastered

   The magnetic field around a long straight wire, why two parallel current-carrying wires attract or repel, the force per unit length F/l = μ₀I₁I₂/2πr, how Newton's third law applies, and the old and current SI definitions of the ampere.

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5. 6E Magnetic flux and Faraday's law Mastered

   Magnetic flux Φ = BA cos θ and the ways it can change, Faraday's experiments, Faraday's law of induction ε = −NΔΦ/Δt, reading emf from a flux–time graph, the emf in a rod sliding on rails, and mutual induction between two coils.

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6. 6F Lenz's law, eddy currents and magnetic braking Mastered

   Lenz's law and how to use it to find the direction of an induced current, why it is a consequence of conservation of energy, eddy currents in metal plates and pipes, and their uses in magnetic braking, induction cooking and metal detectors.

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7. 6G Transformers and power transmission Mastered

   How a transformer works by mutual induction, the ideal transformer equations Vp/Vs = Np/Ns and VpIp = VsIs, why real transformers lose energy and how designers reduce the losses, and why the grid transmits power at hundreds of kilovolts.

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8. 6H DC motors Mastered

   The parts of a DC motor and what each does, the torque on a coil τ = nIAB sin θ, why a split-ring commutator is needed, and how back emf limits a motor's speed and current, with energy analysis and the classic make-your-own-motor investigation.

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9. 6I Generators and AC induction motors Mastered

   How AC and DC generators produce an emf, the peak emf ε = NBAω, slip rings versus a split-ring commutator, why loading a generator makes it harder to turn, and how a three-phase AC induction motor works, including slip and synchronous speed.

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10. 6J Electromagnetism review Mastered

    A summary of all of Module 6 Electromagnetism, every formula with its units and when to use it, key words, how the ideas connect, and a mixed HSC-style test on charged particles in fields, the motor effect, induction, transformers, motors and generators.

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