Coaching Centre
Chapter 7: Relative Frequency and Probability Notes
The language of chance, sample spaces, equally likely outcomes, complementary events, two-way tables and tree diagrams for multistage events, relative frequency and simulation, expected frequency, and using probability to make decisions about games, insurance and health.
Sections
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7A The language of probability and sample spaces Mastered
Words for chance, the probability scale from 0 to 1, writing probabilities as fractions, decimals and percentages, and listing sample spaces for single and multistage experiments.
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7B Equally likely outcomes and complementary events Mastered
Theoretical probability when outcomes are equally likely, the two-dice sample space, complementary events, and the shortcut P(not A) = 1 − P(A) for "at least one" questions.
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7C Two-way tables and multistage events Mastered
Reading probabilities from two-way tables, tree diagrams for multistage events, independent events and the product rule, and drawing with and without replacement.
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7D Relative frequency and simulations Mastered
Estimating probability from data with relative frequency, why more trials give a better estimate, comparing experimental and theoretical probability, and designing simple simulations with coins, dice and spreadsheets.
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7E Expected frequency and fair games Mastered
Expected frequency as number of trials × probability, expected payout and expected gain for games of chance and raffles, fair games, and using expected values to judge whether a game or stall makes money.
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7F Probability in health and insurance Mastered
Using probability and expected frequency to make real decisions: blood types and donor matching, reading medical test results with an expected-frequency table, and how insurers use claim rates to set premiums.