Chapter 12

Euler’s number e

The number e, the exponential function y = e^x and its derivative, transformations of exponential graphs, and the natural logarithm ln x.

Sections

  1. 12A The exponential function base e Why the gradient of y = a^x at the origin defines e, approximating e, the derivative of e^x and e^(ax + b), and the graph of y = e^x.
  2. 12B Transformations of exponential functions Powers of e on the calculator, the graphs of y = e^x and y = e^(−x), and reflecting, translating and dilating exponential graphs.
  3. 12C The logarithmic function base e The natural logarithm ln x as the inverse of e^x, combining ln and exp, solving equations with ln, and transformations of y = ln x.

Formula sheet